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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="A proc macro used to expose Rust structs and fieldless enums as Python objects."><title>pyclass in pyo3 - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-46132b98.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="pyo3" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.85.1 (4eb161250 2025-03-15)" data-channel="1.85.1" data-search-js="search-75f5ac3e.js" data-settings-js="settings-0f613d39.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-59e33391.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-5f194d8c.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-893ab5e7.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-6580c154.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc attr"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../pyo3/index.html">pyo3</a><span class="version">0.24.1</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><div id="rustdoc-modnav"></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="index.html">pyo3</a></span><h1>Attribute Macro <span class="attr">pyclass</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../src/pyo3_macros/lib.rs.html#68">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>#[pyclass]</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>A proc macro used to expose Rust structs and fieldless enums as Python objects.</p>
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<p><code>#[pyclass]</code> can be used with the following parameters:</p>
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<div><table><thead><tr><th style="text-align: left">Parameter</th><th style="text-align: left">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>constructor</code></td><td style="text-align: left">This is currently only allowed on <a href="https://pyo3.rs/latest/class.html#complex-enums">variants of complex enums</a>. It allows customization of the generated class constructor for each variant. It uses the same syntax and supports the same options as the <code>signature</code> attribute of functions and methods.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>crate = "some::path"</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Path to import the <code>pyo3</code> crate, if it’s not accessible at <code>::pyo3</code>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>dict</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Gives instances of this class an empty <code>__dict__</code> to store custom attributes.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>eq</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements <code>__eq__</code> using the <code>PartialEq</code> implementation of the underlying Rust datatype.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>eq_int</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements <code>__eq__</code> using <code>__int__</code> for simple enums.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>extends = BaseType</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Use a custom baseclass. Defaults to <a href="https://docs.rs/pyo3/latest/pyo3/types/struct.PyAny.html"><code>PyAny</code></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>freelist = N</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_list">free list</a> of size N. This can improve performance for types that are often created and deleted in quick succession. Profile your code to see whether <code>freelist</code> is right for you.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>frozen</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Declares that your pyclass is immutable. It removes the borrow checker overhead when retrieving a shared reference to the Rust struct, but disables the ability to get a mutable reference.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>get_all</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Generates getters for all fields of the pyclass.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>hash</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements <code>__hash__</code> using the <code>Hash</code> implementation of the underlying Rust datatype.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>mapping</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Inform PyO3 that this class is a <a href="https://pyo3.rs/latest/class/protocols.html#mapping--sequence-types"><code>Mapping</code></a>, and so leave its implementation of sequence C-API slots empty.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>module = "module_name"</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Python code will see the class as being defined in this module. Defaults to <code>builtins</code>.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><span style="white-space: pre"><code>name = "python_name"</code></span></td><td style="text-align: left">Sets the name that Python sees this class as. Defaults to the name of the Rust struct.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>ord</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements <code>__lt__</code>, <code>__gt__</code>, <code>__le__</code>, & <code>__ge__</code> using the <code>PartialOrd</code> implementation of the underlying Rust datatype. <em>Requires <code>eq</code></em></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>rename_all = "renaming_rule"</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Applies renaming rules to every getters and setters of a struct, or every variants of an enum. Possible values are: “camelCase”, “kebab-case”, “lowercase”, “PascalCase”, “SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE”, “SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE”, “snake_case”, “UPPERCASE”.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>sequence</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Inform PyO3 that this class is a <a href="https://pyo3.rs/latest/class/protocols.html#mapping--sequence-types"><code>Sequence</code></a>, and so leave its C-API mapping length slot empty.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>set_all</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Generates setters for all fields of the pyclass.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>str</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Implements <code>__str__</code> using the <code>Display</code> implementation of the underlying Rust datatype or by passing an optional format string <code>str="<format string>"</code>. <em>Note: The optional format string is only allowed for structs. <code>name</code> and <code>rename_all</code> are incompatible with the optional format string. Additional details can be found in the discussion on this <a href="https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/pull/4233">PR</a>.</em></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>subclass</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Allows other Python classes and <code>#[pyclass]</code> to inherit from this class. Enums cannot be subclassed.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>unsendable</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Required if your struct is not <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/marker/trait.Send.html"><code>Send</code></a>. Rather than using <code>unsendable</code>, consider implementing your struct in a thread-safe way by e.g. substituting <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/rc/struct.Rc.html"><code>Rc</code></a> with <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/sync/struct.Arc.html"><code>Arc</code></a>. By using <code>unsendable</code>, your class will panic when accessed by another thread. Also note the Python’s GC is multi-threaded and while unsendable classes will not be traversed on foreign threads to avoid UB, this can lead to memory leaks.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: left"><code>weakref</code></td><td style="text-align: left">Allows this class to be <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/weakref.html">weakly referenceable</a>.</td></tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<p>All of these parameters can either be passed directly on the <code>#[pyclass(...)]</code> annotation, or as one or
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more accompanying <code>#[pyo3(...)]</code> annotations, e.g.:</p>
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<div class="example-wrap ignore"><a href="#" class="tooltip" title="This example is not tested">ⓘ</a><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="comment">// Argument supplied directly to the `#[pyclass]` annotation.
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</span><span class="attr">#[pyclass(name = <span class="string">"SomeName"</span>, subclass)]
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</span><span class="kw">struct </span>MyClass {}
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<span class="comment">// Argument supplied as a separate annotation.
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</span><span class="attr">#[pyclass]
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#[pyo3(name = <span class="string">"SomeName"</span>, subclass)]
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</span><span class="kw">struct </span>MyClass {}</code></pre></div>
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<p>For more on creating Python classes,
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see the <a href="https://pyo3.rs/v0.24.1/class.html">class section of the guide</a>.</p>
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</div></details></section></div></main></body></html>
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