feat: Added iced_video_player

crates/iced_video_player/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+//! # Iced Video Player
+//!
+//! A convenient video player widget for Iced.
+//!
+//! To get started, load a video from a URI (e.g., a file path prefixed with `file:///`) using [`Video::new`](crate::Video::new),
+//!     then use it like any other Iced widget in your `view` function by creating a [`VideoPlayer`].
+//!
+//! Example:
+//! ```rust
+//! use iced_video_player::{Video, VideoPlayer};
+//!
+//! fn main() -> iced::Result {
+//!     iced::run("Video Player", (), App::view)
+//! }
+//!
+//! struct App {
+//!     video: Video,
+//! }
+//!
+//! impl Default for App {
+//!     fn default() -> Self {
+//!         App {
+//!             video: Video::new(&url::Url::parse("file:///C:/my_video.mp4").unwrap()).unwrap(),
+//!         }
+//!     }
+//! }
+//!
+//! impl App {
+//!     fn view(&self) -> iced::Element<()> {
+//!         VideoPlayer::new(&self.video).into()
+//!     }
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! You can programmatically control the video (e.g., seek, pause, loop, grab thumbnails) by accessing various methods on [`Video`].
+
+mod pipeline;
+mod video;
+mod video_player;
+
+use gstreamer as gst;
+use thiserror::Error;
+
+pub use video::Position;
+pub use video::Video;
+pub use video_player::VideoPlayer;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+pub enum Error {
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Glib(#[from] glib::Error),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Bool(#[from] glib::BoolError),
+    #[error("failed to get the gstreamer bus")]
+    Bus,
+    #[error("failed to get AppSink element with name='{0}' from gstreamer pipeline")]
+    AppSink(String),
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    StateChange(#[from] gst::StateChangeError),
+    #[error("failed to cast gstreamer element")]
+    Cast,
+    #[error("{0}")]
+    Io(#[from] std::io::Error),
+    #[error("invalid URI")]
+    Uri,
+    #[error("failed to get media capabilities")]
+    Caps,
+    #[error("failed to query media duration or position")]
+    Duration,
+    #[error("failed to sync with playback")]
+    Sync,
+    #[error("failed to lock internal sync primitive")]
+    Lock,
+    #[error("invalid framerate: {0}")]
+    Framerate(f64),
+}

crates/iced_video_player/src/pipeline.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,469 @@
+use crate::video::Frame;
+use iced_wgpu::primitive::Primitive;
+use iced_wgpu::wgpu;
+use std::{
+    collections::{btree_map::Entry, BTreeMap},
+    num::NonZero,
+    sync::{
+        atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
+        Arc, Mutex,
+    },
+};
+
+#[repr(C)]
+struct Uniforms {
+    rect: [f32; 4],
+    // because wgpu min_uniform_buffer_offset_alignment
+    _pad: [u8; 240],
+}
+
+struct VideoEntry {
+    texture_y: wgpu::Texture,
+    texture_uv: wgpu::Texture,
+    instances: wgpu::Buffer,
+    bg0: wgpu::BindGroup,
+    alive: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+
+    prepare_index: AtomicUsize,
+    render_index: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct VideoPipeline {
+    pipeline: wgpu::RenderPipeline,
+    bg0_layout: wgpu::BindGroupLayout,
+    sampler: wgpu::Sampler,
+    videos: BTreeMap<u64, VideoEntry>,
+}
+
+impl VideoPipeline {
+    fn new(device: &wgpu::Device, format: wgpu::TextureFormat) -> Self {
+        let shader = device.create_shader_module(wgpu::ShaderModuleDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_video_player shader"),
+            source: wgpu::ShaderSource::Wgsl(include_str!("shader.wgsl").into()),
+        });
+
+        let bg0_layout = device.create_bind_group_layout(&wgpu::BindGroupLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_video_player bind group 0 layout"),
+            entries: &[
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 0,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                        multisampled: false,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 1,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Texture {
+                        sample_type: wgpu::TextureSampleType::Float { filterable: true },
+                        view_dimension: wgpu::TextureViewDimension::D2,
+                        multisampled: false,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 2,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::FRAGMENT,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Sampler(wgpu::SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
+                    count: None,
+                },
+                wgpu::BindGroupLayoutEntry {
+                    binding: 3,
+                    visibility: wgpu::ShaderStages::VERTEX,
+                    ty: wgpu::BindingType::Buffer {
+                        ty: wgpu::BufferBindingType::Uniform,
+                        has_dynamic_offset: true,
+                        min_binding_size: None,
+                    },
+                    count: None,
+                },
+            ],
+        });
+
+        let layout = device.create_pipeline_layout(&wgpu::PipelineLayoutDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_video_player pipeline layout"),
+            bind_group_layouts: &[&bg0_layout],
+            push_constant_ranges: &[],
+        });
+
+        let pipeline = device.create_render_pipeline(&wgpu::RenderPipelineDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_video_player pipeline"),
+            layout: Some(&layout),
+            vertex: wgpu::VertexState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("vs_main"),
+                buffers: &[],
+                compilation_options: wgpu::PipelineCompilationOptions::default(),
+            },
+            primitive: wgpu::PrimitiveState::default(),
+            depth_stencil: None,
+            multisample: wgpu::MultisampleState {
+                count: 1,
+                mask: !0,
+                alpha_to_coverage_enabled: false,
+            },
+            fragment: Some(wgpu::FragmentState {
+                module: &shader,
+                entry_point: Some("fs_main"),
+                targets: &[Some(wgpu::ColorTargetState {
+                    format,
+                    blend: None,
+                    write_mask: wgpu::ColorWrites::ALL,
+                })],
+                compilation_options: wgpu::PipelineCompilationOptions::default(),
+            }),
+            multiview: None,
+            cache: None,
+        });
+
+        let sampler = device.create_sampler(&wgpu::SamplerDescriptor {
+            label: Some("iced_video_player sampler"),
+            address_mode_u: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            address_mode_v: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            address_mode_w: wgpu::AddressMode::ClampToEdge,
+            mag_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            min_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Linear,
+            mipmap_filter: wgpu::FilterMode::Nearest,
+            lod_min_clamp: 0.0,
+            lod_max_clamp: 1.0,
+            compare: None,
+            anisotropy_clamp: 1,
+            border_color: None,
+        });
+
+        VideoPipeline {
+            pipeline,
+            bg0_layout,
+            sampler,
+            videos: BTreeMap::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn upload(
+        &mut self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        video_id: u64,
+        alive: &Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        (width, height): (u32, u32),
+        frame: &[u8],
+    ) {
+        if let Entry::Vacant(entry) = self.videos.entry(video_id) {
+            let texture_y = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player texture"),
+                size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                    width,
+                    height,
+                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                },
+                mip_level_count: 1,
+                sample_count: 1,
+                dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::R8Unorm,
+                usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
+                view_formats: &[],
+            });
+
+            let texture_uv = device.create_texture(&wgpu::TextureDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player texture"),
+                size: wgpu::Extent3d {
+                    width: width / 2,
+                    height: height / 2,
+                    depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+                },
+                mip_level_count: 1,
+                sample_count: 1,
+                dimension: wgpu::TextureDimension::D2,
+                format: wgpu::TextureFormat::Rg8Unorm,
+                usage: wgpu::TextureUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::TextureUsages::TEXTURE_BINDING,
+                view_formats: &[],
+            });
+
+            let view_y = texture_y.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player texture view"),
+                format: None,
+                dimension: None,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+                base_mip_level: 0,
+                mip_level_count: None,
+                base_array_layer: 0,
+                array_layer_count: None,
+                usage: Some(wgpu::TextureUsages::empty()),
+            });
+
+            let view_uv = texture_uv.create_view(&wgpu::TextureViewDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player texture view"),
+                format: None,
+                dimension: None,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+                base_mip_level: 0,
+                mip_level_count: None,
+                base_array_layer: 0,
+                array_layer_count: None,
+                usage: Some(wgpu::TextureUsages::empty()),
+            });
+
+            let instances = device.create_buffer(&wgpu::BufferDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player uniform buffer"),
+                size: 256 * std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as u64, // max 256 video players per frame
+                usage: wgpu::BufferUsages::COPY_DST | wgpu::BufferUsages::UNIFORM,
+                mapped_at_creation: false,
+            });
+
+            let bind_group = device.create_bind_group(&wgpu::BindGroupDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player bind group"),
+                layout: &self.bg0_layout,
+                entries: &[
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 0,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&view_y),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 1,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::TextureView(&view_uv),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 2,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Sampler(&self.sampler),
+                    },
+                    wgpu::BindGroupEntry {
+                        binding: 3,
+                        resource: wgpu::BindingResource::Buffer(wgpu::BufferBinding {
+                            buffer: &instances,
+                            offset: 0,
+                            size: Some(NonZero::new(std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>() as _).unwrap()),
+                        }),
+                    },
+                ],
+            });
+
+            entry.insert(VideoEntry {
+                texture_y,
+                texture_uv,
+                instances,
+                bg0: bind_group,
+                alive: Arc::clone(alive),
+
+                prepare_index: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+                render_index: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+            });
+        }
+
+        let VideoEntry {
+            texture_y,
+            texture_uv,
+            ..
+        } = self.videos.get(&video_id).unwrap();
+
+        queue.write_texture(
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture: texture_y,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            },
+            &frame[..(width * height) as usize],
+            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                offset: 0,
+                bytes_per_row: Some(width),
+                rows_per_image: Some(height),
+            },
+            wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width,
+                height,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+        );
+
+        queue.write_texture(
+            wgpu::TexelCopyTextureInfo {
+                texture: texture_uv,
+                mip_level: 0,
+                origin: wgpu::Origin3d::ZERO,
+                aspect: wgpu::TextureAspect::All,
+            },
+            &frame[(width * height) as usize..],
+            wgpu::TexelCopyBufferLayout {
+                offset: 0,
+                bytes_per_row: Some(width),
+                rows_per_image: Some(height / 2),
+            },
+            wgpu::Extent3d {
+                width: width / 2,
+                height: height / 2,
+                depth_or_array_layers: 1,
+            },
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn cleanup(&mut self) {
+        let ids: Vec<_> = self
+            .videos
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|(id, entry)| (!entry.alive.load(Ordering::SeqCst)).then_some(*id))
+            .collect();
+        for id in ids {
+            if let Some(video) = self.videos.remove(&id) {
+                video.texture_y.destroy();
+                video.texture_uv.destroy();
+                video.instances.destroy();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(&mut self, queue: &wgpu::Queue, video_id: u64, bounds: &iced::Rectangle) {
+        if let Some(video) = self.videos.get_mut(&video_id) {
+            let uniforms = Uniforms {
+                rect: [
+                    bounds.x,
+                    bounds.y,
+                    bounds.x + bounds.width,
+                    bounds.y + bounds.height,
+                ],
+                _pad: [0; 240],
+            };
+            queue.write_buffer(
+                &video.instances,
+                (video.prepare_index.load(Ordering::Relaxed) * std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>())
+                    as u64,
+                unsafe {
+                    std::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                        &uniforms as *const _ as *const u8,
+                        std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>(),
+                    )
+                },
+            );
+            video.prepare_index.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            video.render_index.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+
+        self.cleanup();
+    }
+
+    fn draw(
+        &self,
+        target: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        clip: &iced::Rectangle<u32>,
+        video_id: u64,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(video) = self.videos.get(&video_id) {
+            let mut pass = encoder.begin_render_pass(&wgpu::RenderPassDescriptor {
+                label: Some("iced_video_player render pass"),
+                color_attachments: &[Some(wgpu::RenderPassColorAttachment {
+                    view: target,
+                    resolve_target: None,
+                    ops: wgpu::Operations {
+                        load: wgpu::LoadOp::Load,
+                        store: wgpu::StoreOp::Store,
+                    },
+                    depth_slice: None,
+                })],
+                depth_stencil_attachment: None,
+                timestamp_writes: None,
+                occlusion_query_set: None,
+            });
+
+            pass.set_pipeline(&self.pipeline);
+            pass.set_bind_group(
+                0,
+                &video.bg0,
+                &[
+                    (video.render_index.load(Ordering::Relaxed) * std::mem::size_of::<Uniforms>())
+                        as u32,
+                ],
+            );
+            pass.set_scissor_rect(clip.x as _, clip.y as _, clip.width as _, clip.height as _);
+            pass.draw(0..6, 0..1);
+
+            video.prepare_index.store(0, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            video.render_index.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub(crate) struct VideoPrimitive {
+    video_id: u64,
+    alive: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    frame: Arc<Mutex<Frame>>,
+    size: (u32, u32),
+    upload_frame: bool,
+}
+
+impl VideoPrimitive {
+    pub fn new(
+        video_id: u64,
+        alive: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        frame: Arc<Mutex<Frame>>,
+        size: (u32, u32),
+        upload_frame: bool,
+    ) -> Self {
+        VideoPrimitive {
+            video_id,
+            alive,
+            frame,
+            size,
+            upload_frame,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Primitive for VideoPrimitive {
+    type Renderer = VideoPipeline;
+
+    fn initialize(
+        &self,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        _queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        format: wgpu::TextureFormat,
+    ) -> Self::Renderer {
+        VideoPipeline::new(device, format)
+    }
+
+    fn prepare(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &mut Self::Renderer,
+        device: &wgpu::Device,
+        queue: &wgpu::Queue,
+        bounds: &iced::Rectangle,
+        viewport: &iced_wgpu::graphics::Viewport,
+    ) {
+        if self.upload_frame {
+            if let Some(readable) = self.frame.lock().expect("lock frame mutex").readable() {
+                renderer.upload(
+                    device,
+                    queue,
+                    self.video_id,
+                    &self.alive,
+                    self.size,
+                    readable.as_slice(),
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        renderer.prepare(
+            queue,
+            self.video_id,
+            &(*bounds
+                * iced::Transformation::orthographic(
+                    viewport.logical_size().width as _,
+                    viewport.logical_size().height as _,
+                )),
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn render(
+        &self,
+        renderer: &Self::Renderer,
+        encoder: &mut wgpu::CommandEncoder,
+        target: &wgpu::TextureView,
+        clip_bounds: &iced::Rectangle<u32>,
+    ) {
+        renderer.draw(target, encoder, clip_bounds, self.video_id);
+    }
+}

crates/iced_video_player/src/shader.wgsl

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+struct VertexOutput {
+    @builtin(position) position: vec4<f32>,
+    @location(0) uv: vec2<f32>,
+}
+
+struct Uniforms {
+    rect: vec4<f32>,
+}
+
+@group(0) @binding(0)
+var tex_y: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(1)
+var tex_uv: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@group(0) @binding(2)
+var s: sampler;
+
+@group(0) @binding(3)
+var<uniform> uniforms: Uniforms;
+
+@vertex
+fn vs_main(@builtin(vertex_index) in_vertex_index: u32) -> VertexOutput {
+    var quad = array<vec4<f32>, 6>(
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.xy, 0.0, 0.0),
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.zy, 1.0, 0.0),
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.xw, 0.0, 1.0),
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.zy, 1.0, 0.0),
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.zw, 1.0, 1.0),
+        vec4<f32>(uniforms.rect.xw, 0.0, 1.0),
+    );
+
+    var out: VertexOutput;
+    out.uv = quad[in_vertex_index].zw;
+    out.position = vec4<f32>(quad[in_vertex_index].xy, 1.0, 1.0);
+    return out;
+}
+
+@fragment
+fn fs_main(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
+    let yuv2r = vec3<f32>(1.164, 0.0, 1.596);
+    let yuv2g = vec3<f32>(1.164, -0.391, -0.813);
+    let yuv2b = vec3<f32>(1.164, 2.018, 0.0);
+
+    var yuv = vec3<f32>(0.0);
+    yuv.x = textureSample(tex_y, s, in.uv).r - 0.0625;
+    yuv.y = textureSample(tex_uv, s, in.uv).r - 0.5;
+    yuv.z = textureSample(tex_uv, s, in.uv).g - 0.5;
+
+    var rgb = vec3<f32>(0.0);
+    rgb.x = dot(yuv, yuv2r);
+    rgb.y = dot(yuv, yuv2g);
+    rgb.z = dot(yuv, yuv2b);
+
+    let threshold = rgb <= vec3<f32>(0.04045);
+    let hi = pow((rgb + vec3<f32>(0.055)) / vec3<f32>(1.055), vec3<f32>(2.4));
+    let lo = rgb * vec3<f32>(1.0 / 12.92);
+    rgb = select(hi, lo, threshold);
+
+    return vec4<f32>(rgb, 1.0);
+}

crates/iced_video_player/src/video.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,660 @@
+use crate::Error;
+use gstreamer as gst;
+use gstreamer_app as gst_app;
+use gstreamer_app::prelude::*;
+use iced::widget::image as img;
+use std::num::NonZeroU8;
+use std::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+/// Position in the media.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub enum Position {
+    /// Position based on time.
+    ///
+    /// Not the most accurate format for videos.
+    Time(Duration),
+    /// Position based on nth frame.
+    Frame(u64),
+}
+
+impl From<Position> for gst::GenericFormattedValue {
+    fn from(pos: Position) -> Self {
+        match pos {
+            Position::Time(t) => gst::ClockTime::from_nseconds(t.as_nanos() as _).into(),
+            Position::Frame(f) => gst::format::Default::from_u64(f).into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Duration> for Position {
+    fn from(t: Duration) -> Self {
+        Position::Time(t)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u64> for Position {
+    fn from(f: u64) -> Self {
+        Position::Frame(f)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Frame(gst::Sample);
+
+impl Frame {
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self(gst::Sample::builder().build())
+    }
+
+    pub fn readable(&self) -> Option<gst::BufferMap<'_, gst::buffer::Readable>> {
+        self.0.buffer().and_then(|x| x.map_readable().ok())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Internal {
+    pub(crate) id: u64,
+
+    pub(crate) bus: gst::Bus,
+    pub(crate) source: gst::Pipeline,
+    pub(crate) alive: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    pub(crate) worker: Option<std::thread::JoinHandle<()>>,
+
+    pub(crate) width: i32,
+    pub(crate) height: i32,
+    pub(crate) framerate: f64,
+    pub(crate) duration: Duration,
+    pub(crate) speed: f64,
+    pub(crate) sync_av: bool,
+
+    pub(crate) frame: Arc<Mutex<Frame>>,
+    pub(crate) upload_frame: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    pub(crate) last_frame_time: Arc<Mutex<Instant>>,
+    pub(crate) looping: bool,
+    pub(crate) is_eos: bool,
+    pub(crate) restart_stream: bool,
+    pub(crate) sync_av_avg: u64,
+    pub(crate) sync_av_counter: u64,
+
+    pub(crate) subtitle_text: Arc<Mutex<Option<String>>>,
+    pub(crate) upload_text: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+}
+
+impl Internal {
+    pub(crate) fn seek(&self, position: impl Into<Position>, accurate: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let position = position.into();
+
+        // gstreamer complains if the start & end value types aren't the same
+        match &position {
+            Position::Time(_) => self.source.seek(
+                self.speed,
+                gst::SeekFlags::FLUSH
+                    | if accurate {
+                        gst::SeekFlags::ACCURATE
+                    } else {
+                        gst::SeekFlags::empty()
+                    },
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                gst::GenericFormattedValue::from(position),
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                gst::ClockTime::NONE,
+            )?,
+            Position::Frame(_) => self.source.seek(
+                self.speed,
+                gst::SeekFlags::FLUSH
+                    | if accurate {
+                        gst::SeekFlags::ACCURATE
+                    } else {
+                        gst::SeekFlags::empty()
+                    },
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                gst::GenericFormattedValue::from(position),
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                gst::format::Default::NONE,
+            )?,
+        };
+
+        *self.subtitle_text.lock().expect("lock subtitle_text") = None;
+        self.upload_text.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let Some(position) = self.source.query_position::<gst::ClockTime>() else {
+            return Err(Error::Caps);
+        };
+        if speed > 0.0 {
+            self.source.seek(
+                speed,
+                gst::SeekFlags::FLUSH | gst::SeekFlags::ACCURATE,
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                position,
+                gst::SeekType::End,
+                gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(0),
+            )?;
+        } else {
+            self.source.seek(
+                speed,
+                gst::SeekFlags::FLUSH | gst::SeekFlags::ACCURATE,
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(0),
+                gst::SeekType::Set,
+                position,
+            )?;
+        }
+        self.speed = speed;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn restart_stream(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.is_eos = false;
+        self.set_paused(false);
+        self.seek(0, false)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn set_paused(&mut self, paused: bool) {
+        self.source
+            .set_state(if paused {
+                gst::State::Paused
+            } else {
+                gst::State::Playing
+            })
+            .unwrap(/* state was changed in ctor; state errors caught there */);
+
+        // Set restart_stream flag to make the stream restart on the next Message::NextFrame
+        if self.is_eos && !paused {
+            self.restart_stream = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn paused(&self) -> bool {
+        self.source.state(gst::ClockTime::ZERO).1 == gst::State::Paused
+    }
+
+    /// Syncs audio with video when there is (inevitably) latency presenting the frame.
+    pub(crate) fn set_av_offset(&mut self, offset: Duration) {
+        if self.sync_av {
+            self.sync_av_counter += 1;
+            self.sync_av_avg = self.sync_av_avg * (self.sync_av_counter - 1) / self.sync_av_counter
+                + offset.as_nanos() as u64 / self.sync_av_counter;
+            if self.sync_av_counter % 128 == 0 {
+                self.source
+                    .set_property("av-offset", -(self.sync_av_avg as i64));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A multimedia video loaded from a URI (e.g., a local file path or HTTP stream).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Video(pub(crate) RwLock<Internal>);
+
+impl Drop for Video {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let inner = self.0.get_mut().expect("failed to lock");
+
+        inner
+            .source
+            .set_state(gst::State::Null)
+            .expect("failed to set state");
+
+        inner.alive.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+        if let Some(worker) = inner.worker.take() {
+            if let Err(err) = worker.join() {
+                match err.downcast_ref::<String>() {
+                    Some(e) => log::error!("Video thread panicked: {e}"),
+                    None => log::error!("Video thread panicked with unknown reason"),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Video {
+    /// Create a new video player from a given video which loads from `uri`.
+    /// Note that live sources will report the duration to be zero.
+    pub fn new(uri: &url::Url) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        gst::init()?;
+
+        let pipeline = format!("playbin uri=\"{}\" text-sink=\"appsink name=iced_text sync=true drop=true\" video-sink=\"videoscale ! videoconvert ! appsink name=iced_video drop=true caps=video/x-raw,format=NV12,pixel-aspect-ratio=1/1\"", uri.as_str());
+        let pipeline = gst::parse::launch(pipeline.as_ref())?
+            .downcast::<gst::Pipeline>()
+            .map_err(|_| Error::Cast)?;
+
+        let video_sink: gst::Element = pipeline.property("video-sink");
+        let pad = video_sink.pads().first().cloned().unwrap();
+        let pad = pad.dynamic_cast::<gst::GhostPad>().unwrap();
+        let bin = pad
+            .parent_element()
+            .unwrap()
+            .downcast::<gst::Bin>()
+            .unwrap();
+        let video_sink = bin.by_name("iced_video").unwrap();
+        let video_sink = video_sink.downcast::<gst_app::AppSink>().unwrap();
+
+        let text_sink: gst::Element = pipeline.property("text-sink");
+        let text_sink = text_sink.downcast::<gst_app::AppSink>().unwrap();
+
+        Self::from_gst_pipeline(pipeline, video_sink, Some(text_sink))
+    }
+
+    /// Creates a new video based on an existing GStreamer pipeline and appsink.
+    /// Expects an `appsink` plugin with `caps=video/x-raw,format=NV12`.
+    ///
+    /// An optional `text_sink` can be provided, which enables subtitle messages
+    /// to be emitted.
+    ///
+    /// **Note:** Many functions of [`Video`] assume a `playbin` pipeline.
+    /// Non-`playbin` pipelines given here may not have full functionality.
+    pub fn from_gst_pipeline(
+        pipeline: gst::Pipeline,
+        video_sink: gst_app::AppSink,
+        text_sink: Option<gst_app::AppSink>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        gst::init()?;
+        static NEXT_ID: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+        let id = NEXT_ID.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        // We need to ensure we stop the pipeline if we hit an error,
+        // or else there may be audio left playing in the background.
+        macro_rules! cleanup {
+            ($expr:expr) => {
+                $expr.map_err(|e| {
+                    let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+                    e
+                })
+            };
+        }
+
+        let pad = video_sink.pads().first().cloned().unwrap();
+
+        cleanup!(pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Playing))?;
+
+        // wait for up to 5 seconds until the decoder gets the source capabilities
+        cleanup!(pipeline.state(gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(5)).0)?;
+
+        // extract resolution and framerate
+        // TODO(jazzfool): maybe we want to extract some other information too?
+        let caps = cleanup!(pad.current_caps().ok_or(Error::Caps))?;
+        let s = cleanup!(caps.structure(0).ok_or(Error::Caps))?;
+        let width = cleanup!(s.get::<i32>("width").map_err(|_| Error::Caps))?;
+        let height = cleanup!(s.get::<i32>("height").map_err(|_| Error::Caps))?;
+        // resolution should be mod4
+        let width = ((width + 4 - 1) / 4) * 4;
+        let framerate = cleanup!(s.get::<gst::Fraction>("framerate").map_err(|_| Error::Caps))?;
+        let framerate = framerate.numer() as f64 / framerate.denom() as f64;
+
+        if framerate.is_nan()
+            || framerate.is_infinite()
+            || framerate < 0.0
+            || framerate.abs() < f64::EPSILON
+        {
+            let _ = pipeline.set_state(gst::State::Null);
+            return Err(Error::Framerate(framerate));
+        }
+
+        let duration = Duration::from_nanos(
+            pipeline
+                .query_duration::<gst::ClockTime>()
+                .map(|duration| duration.nseconds())
+                .unwrap_or(0),
+        );
+
+        let sync_av = pipeline.has_property("av-offset", None);
+
+        // NV12 = 12bpp
+        let frame = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Frame::empty()));
+        let upload_frame = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let alive = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(true));
+        let last_frame_time = Arc::new(Mutex::new(Instant::now()));
+
+        let frame_ref = Arc::clone(&frame);
+        let upload_frame_ref = Arc::clone(&upload_frame);
+        let alive_ref = Arc::clone(&alive);
+        let last_frame_time_ref = Arc::clone(&last_frame_time);
+
+        let subtitle_text = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
+        let upload_text = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+        let subtitle_text_ref = Arc::clone(&subtitle_text);
+        let upload_text_ref = Arc::clone(&upload_text);
+
+        let pipeline_ref = pipeline.clone();
+
+        let worker = std::thread::spawn(move || {
+            let mut clear_subtitles_at = None;
+
+            while alive_ref.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                if let Err(gst::FlowError::Error) = (|| -> Result<(), gst::FlowError> {
+                    let sample =
+                        if pipeline_ref.state(gst::ClockTime::ZERO).1 != gst::State::Playing {
+                            video_sink
+                                .try_pull_preroll(gst::ClockTime::from_mseconds(16))
+                                .ok_or(gst::FlowError::Eos)?
+                        } else {
+                            video_sink
+                                .try_pull_sample(gst::ClockTime::from_mseconds(16))
+                                .ok_or(gst::FlowError::Eos)?
+                        };
+
+                    *last_frame_time_ref
+                        .lock()
+                        .map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)? = Instant::now();
+
+                    let frame_segment = sample.segment().cloned().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                    let buffer = sample.buffer().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                    let frame_pts = buffer.pts().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                    let frame_duration = buffer.duration().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                    {
+                        let mut frame_guard =
+                            frame_ref.lock().map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                        *frame_guard = Frame(sample);
+                    }
+
+                    upload_frame_ref.swap(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+                    if let Some(at) = clear_subtitles_at {
+                        if frame_pts >= at {
+                            *subtitle_text_ref
+                                .lock()
+                                .map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)? = None;
+                            upload_text_ref.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                            clear_subtitles_at = None;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    let text = text_sink
+                        .as_ref()
+                        .and_then(|sink| sink.try_pull_sample(gst::ClockTime::from_seconds(0)));
+                    if let Some(text) = text {
+                        let text_segment = text.segment().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                        let text = text.buffer().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                        let text_pts = text.pts().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+                        let text_duration = text.duration().ok_or(gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+
+                        let frame_running_time = frame_segment.to_running_time(frame_pts).value();
+                        let frame_running_time_end = frame_segment
+                            .to_running_time(frame_pts + frame_duration)
+                            .value();
+
+                        let text_running_time = text_segment.to_running_time(text_pts).value();
+                        let text_running_time_end = text_segment
+                            .to_running_time(text_pts + text_duration)
+                            .value();
+
+                        // see gst-plugins-base/ext/pango/gstbasetextoverlay.c (gst_base_text_overlay_video_chain)
+                        // as an example of how to correctly synchronize the text+video segments
+                        if text_running_time_end > frame_running_time
+                            && frame_running_time_end > text_running_time
+                        {
+                            let duration = text.duration().unwrap_or(gst::ClockTime::ZERO);
+                            let map = text.map_readable().map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)?;
+
+                            let text = std::str::from_utf8(map.as_slice())
+                                .map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)?
+                                .to_string();
+                            *subtitle_text_ref
+                                .lock()
+                                .map_err(|_| gst::FlowError::Error)? = Some(text);
+                            upload_text_ref.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+                            clear_subtitles_at = Some(text_pts + duration);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Ok(())
+                })() {
+                    log::error!("error pulling frame");
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        Ok(Video(RwLock::new(Internal {
+            id,
+
+            bus: pipeline.bus().unwrap(),
+            source: pipeline,
+            alive,
+            worker: Some(worker),
+
+            width,
+            height,
+            framerate,
+            duration,
+            speed: 1.0,
+            sync_av,
+
+            frame,
+            upload_frame,
+            last_frame_time,
+            looping: false,
+            is_eos: false,
+            restart_stream: false,
+            sync_av_avg: 0,
+            sync_av_counter: 0,
+
+            subtitle_text,
+            upload_text,
+        })))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn read(&self) -> impl Deref<Target = Internal> + '_ {
+        self.0.read().expect("lock")
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn write(&self) -> impl DerefMut<Target = Internal> + '_ {
+        self.0.write().expect("lock")
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_mut(&mut self) -> impl DerefMut<Target = Internal> + '_ {
+        self.0.get_mut().expect("lock")
+    }
+
+    /// Get the size/resolution of the video as `(width, height)`.
+    pub fn size(&self) -> (i32, i32) {
+        (self.read().width, self.read().height)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the framerate of the video as frames per second.
+    pub fn framerate(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.read().framerate
+    }
+
+    /// Set the volume multiplier of the audio.
+    /// `0.0` = 0% volume, `1.0` = 100% volume.
+    ///
+    /// This uses a linear scale, for example `0.5` is perceived as half as loud.
+    pub fn set_volume(&mut self, volume: f64) {
+        self.get_mut().source.set_property("volume", volume);
+        self.set_muted(self.muted()); // for some reason gstreamer unmutes when changing volume?
+    }
+
+    /// Get the volume multiplier of the audio.
+    pub fn volume(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.read().source.property("volume")
+    }
+
+    /// Set if the audio is muted or not, without changing the volume.
+    pub fn set_muted(&mut self, muted: bool) {
+        self.get_mut().source.set_property("mute", muted);
+    }
+
+    /// Get if the audio is muted or not.
+    pub fn muted(&self) -> bool {
+        self.read().source.property("mute")
+    }
+
+    /// Get if the stream ended or not.
+    pub fn eos(&self) -> bool {
+        self.read().is_eos
+    }
+
+    /// Get if the media will loop or not.
+    pub fn looping(&self) -> bool {
+        self.read().looping
+    }
+
+    /// Set if the media will loop or not.
+    pub fn set_looping(&mut self, looping: bool) {
+        self.get_mut().looping = looping;
+    }
+
+    /// Set if the media is paused or not.
+    pub fn set_paused(&mut self, paused: bool) {
+        self.get_mut().set_paused(paused)
+    }
+
+    /// Get if the media is paused or not.
+    pub fn paused(&self) -> bool {
+        self.read().paused()
+    }
+
+    /// Jumps to a specific position in the media.
+    /// Passing `true` to the `accurate` parameter will result in more accurate seeking,
+    /// however, it is also slower. For most seeks (e.g., scrubbing) this is not needed.
+    pub fn seek(&mut self, position: impl Into<Position>, accurate: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.get_mut().seek(position, accurate)
+    }
+
+    /// Set the playback speed of the media.
+    /// The default speed is `1.0`.
+    pub fn set_speed(&mut self, speed: f64) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.get_mut().set_speed(speed)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current playback speed.
+    pub fn speed(&self) -> f64 {
+        self.read().speed
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current playback position in time.
+    pub fn position(&self) -> Duration {
+        Duration::from_nanos(
+            self.read()
+                .source
+                .query_position::<gst::ClockTime>()
+                .map_or(0, |pos| pos.nseconds()),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Get the media duration.
+    pub fn duration(&self) -> Duration {
+        self.read().duration
+    }
+
+    /// Restarts a stream; seeks to the first frame and unpauses, sets the `eos` flag to false.
+    pub fn restart_stream(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        self.get_mut().restart_stream()
+    }
+
+    /// Set the subtitle URL to display.
+    pub fn set_subtitle_url(&mut self, url: &url::Url) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        let paused = self.paused();
+        let mut inner = self.get_mut();
+        inner.source.set_state(gst::State::Ready)?;
+        inner.source.set_property("suburi", url.as_str());
+        inner.set_paused(paused);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the current subtitle URL.
+    pub fn subtitle_url(&self) -> Option<url::Url> {
+        url::Url::parse(
+            &self
+                .read()
+                .source
+                .property::<Option<String>>("current-suburi")?,
+        )
+        .ok()
+    }
+
+    /// Get the underlying GStreamer pipeline.
+    pub fn pipeline(&self) -> gst::Pipeline {
+        self.read().source.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Generates a list of thumbnails based on a set of positions in the media, downscaled by a given factor.
+    ///
+    /// Slow; only needs to be called once for each instance.
+    /// It's best to call this at the very start of playback, otherwise the position may shift.
+    pub fn thumbnails<I>(
+        &mut self,
+        positions: I,
+        downscale: NonZeroU8,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<img::Handle>, Error>
+    where
+        I: IntoIterator<Item = Position>,
+    {
+        let downscale = u8::from(downscale) as u32;
+
+        let paused = self.paused();
+        let muted = self.muted();
+        let pos = self.position();
+
+        self.set_paused(false);
+        self.set_muted(true);
+
+        let out = {
+            let inner = self.read();
+            let width = inner.width;
+            let height = inner.height;
+            positions
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|pos| {
+                    inner.seek(pos, true)?;
+                    inner.upload_frame.store(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+                    while !inner.upload_frame.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                        std::hint::spin_loop();
+                    }
+                    let frame_guard = inner.frame.lock().map_err(|_| Error::Lock)?;
+                    let frame = frame_guard.readable().ok_or(Error::Lock)?;
+
+                    Ok(img::Handle::from_rgba(
+                        inner.width as u32 / downscale,
+                        inner.height as u32 / downscale,
+                        yuv_to_rgba(frame.as_slice(), width as _, height as _, downscale),
+                    ))
+                })
+                .collect()
+        };
+
+        self.set_paused(paused);
+        self.set_muted(muted);
+        self.seek(pos, true)?;
+
+        out
+    }
+}
+
+fn yuv_to_rgba(yuv: &[u8], width: u32, height: u32, downscale: u32) -> Vec<u8> {
+    let uv_start = width * height;
+    let mut rgba = vec![];
+
+    for y in 0..height / downscale {
+        for x in 0..width / downscale {
+            let x_src = x * downscale;
+            let y_src = y * downscale;
+
+            let uv_i = uv_start + width * (y_src / 2) + x_src / 2 * 2;
+
+            let y = yuv[(y_src * width + x_src) as usize] as f32;
+            let u = yuv[uv_i as usize] as f32;
+            let v = yuv[(uv_i + 1) as usize] as f32;
+
+            let r = 1.164 * (y - 16.0) + 1.596 * (v - 128.0);
+            let g = 1.164 * (y - 16.0) - 0.813 * (v - 128.0) - 0.391 * (u - 128.0);
+            let b = 1.164 * (y - 16.0) + 2.018 * (u - 128.0);
+
+            rgba.push(r as u8);
+            rgba.push(g as u8);
+            rgba.push(b as u8);
+            rgba.push(0xFF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    rgba
+}

crates/iced_video_player/src/video_player.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+use crate::{pipeline::VideoPrimitive, video::Video};
+use gstreamer as gst;
+use iced::{
+    advanced::{self, layout, widget, Widget},
+    Element,
+};
+use iced_wgpu::primitive::Renderer as PrimitiveRenderer;
+use log::error;
+use std::{marker::PhantomData, sync::atomic::Ordering};
+use std::{sync::Arc, time::Instant};
+
+/// Video player widget which displays the current frame of a [`Video`](crate::Video).
+pub struct VideoPlayer<'a, Message, Theme = iced::Theme, Renderer = iced::Renderer>
+where
+    Renderer: PrimitiveRenderer,
+{
+    video: &'a Video,
+    content_fit: iced::ContentFit,
+    width: iced::Length,
+    height: iced::Length,
+    on_end_of_stream: Option<Message>,
+    on_new_frame: Option<Message>,
+    on_subtitle_text: Option<Box<dyn Fn(Option<String>) -> Message + 'a>>,
+    on_error: Option<Box<dyn Fn(&glib::Error) -> Message + 'a>>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(Theme, Renderer)>,
+}
+
+impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> VideoPlayer<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>
+where
+    Renderer: PrimitiveRenderer,
+{
+    /// Creates a new video player widget for a given video.
+    pub fn new(video: &'a Video) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            video,
+            content_fit: iced::ContentFit::default(),
+            width: iced::Length::Shrink,
+            height: iced::Length::Shrink,
+            on_end_of_stream: None,
+            on_new_frame: None,
+            on_subtitle_text: None,
+            on_error: None,
+            _phantom: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the width of the `VideoPlayer` boundaries.
+    pub fn width(self, width: impl Into<iced::Length>) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            width: width.into(),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the height of the `VideoPlayer` boundaries.
+    pub fn height(self, height: impl Into<iced::Length>) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            height: height.into(),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the `ContentFit` of the `VideoPlayer`.
+    pub fn content_fit(self, content_fit: iced::ContentFit) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            content_fit,
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Message to send when the video reaches the end of stream (i.e., the video ends).
+    pub fn on_end_of_stream(self, on_end_of_stream: Message) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            on_end_of_stream: Some(on_end_of_stream),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Message to send when the video receives a new frame.
+    pub fn on_new_frame(self, on_new_frame: Message) -> Self {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            on_new_frame: Some(on_new_frame),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Message to send when the video receives a new frame.
+    pub fn on_subtitle_text<F>(self, on_subtitle_text: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: 'a + Fn(Option<String>) -> Message,
+    {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            on_subtitle_text: Some(Box::new(on_subtitle_text)),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Message to send when the video playback encounters an error.
+    pub fn on_error<F>(self, on_error: F) -> Self
+    where
+        F: 'a + Fn(&glib::Error) -> Message,
+    {
+        VideoPlayer {
+            on_error: Some(Box::new(on_error)),
+            ..self
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Message, Theme, Renderer> Widget<Message, Theme, Renderer>
+    for VideoPlayer<'_, Message, Theme, Renderer>
+where
+    Message: Clone,
+    Renderer: PrimitiveRenderer,
+{
+    fn size(&self) -> iced::Size<iced::Length> {
+        iced::Size {
+            width: iced::Length::Shrink,
+            height: iced::Length::Shrink,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn layout(
+        &mut self,
+        _tree: &mut widget::Tree,
+        _renderer: &Renderer,
+        limits: &layout::Limits,
+    ) -> layout::Node {
+        let (video_width, video_height) = self.video.size();
+
+        // based on `Image::layout`
+        let image_size = iced::Size::new(video_width as f32, video_height as f32);
+        let raw_size = limits.resolve(self.width, self.height, image_size);
+        let full_size = self.content_fit.fit(image_size, raw_size);
+        let final_size = iced::Size {
+            width: match self.width {
+                iced::Length::Shrink => f32::min(raw_size.width, full_size.width),
+                _ => raw_size.width,
+            },
+            height: match self.height {
+                iced::Length::Shrink => f32::min(raw_size.height, full_size.height),
+                _ => raw_size.height,
+            },
+        };
+
+        layout::Node::new(final_size)
+    }
+
+    fn draw(
+        &self,
+        _tree: &widget::Tree,
+        renderer: &mut Renderer,
+        _theme: &Theme,
+        _style: &advanced::renderer::Style,
+        layout: advanced::Layout<'_>,
+        _cursor: advanced::mouse::Cursor,
+        _viewport: &iced::Rectangle,
+    ) {
+        let mut inner = self.video.write();
+
+        // bounds based on `Image::draw`
+        let image_size = iced::Size::new(inner.width as f32, inner.height as f32);
+        let bounds = layout.bounds();
+        let adjusted_fit = self.content_fit.fit(image_size, bounds.size());
+        let scale = iced::Vector::new(
+            adjusted_fit.width / image_size.width,
+            adjusted_fit.height / image_size.height,
+        );
+        let final_size = image_size * scale;
+
+        let position = match self.content_fit {
+            iced::ContentFit::None => iced::Point::new(
+                bounds.x + (image_size.width - adjusted_fit.width) / 2.0,
+                bounds.y + (image_size.height - adjusted_fit.height) / 2.0,
+            ),
+            _ => iced::Point::new(
+                bounds.center_x() - final_size.width / 2.0,
+                bounds.center_y() - final_size.height / 2.0,
+            ),
+        };
+
+        let drawing_bounds = iced::Rectangle::new(position, final_size);
+
+        let upload_frame = inner.upload_frame.swap(false, Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+        if upload_frame {
+            let last_frame_time = inner
+                .last_frame_time
+                .lock()
+                .map(|time| *time)
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Instant::now());
+            inner.set_av_offset(Instant::now() - last_frame_time);
+        }
+
+        let render = |renderer: &mut Renderer| {
+            renderer.draw_primitive(
+                drawing_bounds,
+                VideoPrimitive::new(
+                    inner.id,
+                    Arc::clone(&inner.alive),
+                    Arc::clone(&inner.frame),
+                    (inner.width as _, inner.height as _),
+                    upload_frame,
+                ),
+            );
+        };
+
+        if adjusted_fit.width > bounds.width || adjusted_fit.height > bounds.height {
+            renderer.with_layer(bounds, render);
+        } else {
+            render(renderer);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update(
+        &mut self,
+        _state: &mut widget::Tree,
+        event: &iced::Event,
+        _layout: advanced::Layout<'_>,
+        _cursor: advanced::mouse::Cursor,
+        _renderer: &Renderer,
+        _clipboard: &mut dyn advanced::Clipboard,
+        shell: &mut advanced::Shell<'_, Message>,
+        _viewport: &iced::Rectangle,
+    ) {
+        let mut inner = self.video.write();
+
+        if let iced::Event::Window(iced::window::Event::RedrawRequested(_)) = event {
+            if inner.restart_stream || (!inner.is_eos && !inner.paused()) {
+                let mut restart_stream = false;
+                if inner.restart_stream {
+                    restart_stream = true;
+                    // Set flag to false to avoid potentially multiple seeks
+                    inner.restart_stream = false;
+                }
+                let mut eos_pause = false;
+
+                while let Some(msg) = inner
+                    .bus
+                    .pop_filtered(&[gst::MessageType::Error, gst::MessageType::Eos])
+                {
+                    match msg.view() {
+                        gst::MessageView::Error(err) => {
+                            error!("bus returned an error: {err}");
+                            if let Some(ref on_error) = self.on_error {
+                                shell.publish(on_error(&err.error()))
+                            };
+                        }
+                        gst::MessageView::Eos(_eos) => {
+                            if let Some(on_end_of_stream) = self.on_end_of_stream.clone() {
+                                shell.publish(on_end_of_stream);
+                            }
+                            if inner.looping {
+                                restart_stream = true;
+                            } else {
+                                eos_pause = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {}
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Don't run eos_pause if restart_stream is true; fixes "pausing" after restarting a stream
+                if restart_stream {
+                    if let Err(err) = inner.restart_stream() {
+                        error!("cannot restart stream (can't seek): {err:#?}");
+                    }
+                } else if eos_pause {
+                    inner.is_eos = true;
+                    inner.set_paused(true);
+                }
+
+                if inner.upload_frame.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                    if let Some(on_new_frame) = self.on_new_frame.clone() {
+                        shell.publish(on_new_frame);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some(on_subtitle_text) = &self.on_subtitle_text {
+                    if inner.upload_text.swap(false, Ordering::SeqCst) {
+                        if let Ok(text) = inner.subtitle_text.try_lock() {
+                            shell.publish(on_subtitle_text(text.clone()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                shell.request_redraw();
+            } else {
+                shell.request_redraw();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer> From<VideoPlayer<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>>
+    for Element<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>
+where
+    Message: 'a + Clone,
+    Theme: 'a,
+    Renderer: 'a + PrimitiveRenderer,
+{
+    fn from(video_player: VideoPlayer<'a, Message, Theme, Renderer>) -> Self {
+        Self::new(video_player)
+    }
+}