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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Represents a Python exception."><title>PyErr in pyo3::prelude - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-6b053e98.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-0fe48ade.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-e1aa3f0a.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-8badfe75.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-aa29a496.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-9960930a.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-46132b98.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="pyo3" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.85.1 (4eb161250 2025-03-15)" data-channel="1.85.1" data-search-js="search-75f5ac3e.js" data-settings-js="settings-0f613d39.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-59e33391.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-5f194d8c.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-893ab5e7.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-6580c154.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-044be391.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../pyo3/index.html">pyo3</a><span class="version">0.24.1</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><section id="rustdoc-toc"><h2 class="location"><a href="#">PyErr</a></h2><h3><a href="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><ul class="block method"><li><a href="#method.cause" title="cause">cause</a></li><li><a href="#method.clone_ref" title="clone_ref">clone_ref</a></li><li><a href="#method.display" title="display">display</a></li><li><a href="#method.fetch" title="fetch">fetch</a></li><li><a href="#method.from_type" title="from_type">from_type</a></li><li><a href="#method.from_type_bound" title="from_type_bound">from_type_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.from_value" title="from_value">from_value</a></li><li><a href="#method.from_value_bound" title="from_value_bound">from_value_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.get_type" title="get_type">get_type</a></li><li><a href="#method.get_type_bound" title="get_type_bound">get_type_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.into_value" title="into_value">into_value</a></li><li><a href="#method.is_instance" title="is_instance">is_instance</a></li><li><a href="#method.is_instance_bound" title="is_instance_bound">is_instance_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.is_instance_of" title="is_instance_of">is_instance_of</a></li><li><a href="#method.matches" title="matches">matches</a></li><li><a href="#method.new" title="new">new</a></li><li><a href="#method.new_type" title="new_type">new_type</a></li><li><a href="#method.new_type_bound" title="new_type_bound">new_type_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.occurred" title="occurred">occurred</a></li><li><a href="#method.print" title="print">print</a></li><li><a href="#method.print_and_set_sys_last_vars" title="print_and_set_sys_last_vars">print_and_set_sys_last_vars</a></li><li><a href="#method.restore" title="restore">restore</a></li><li><a href="#method.set_cause" title="set_cause">set_cause</a></li><li><a href="#method.take" title="take">take</a></li><li><a href="#method.traceback" title="traceback">traceback</a></li><li><a href="#method.traceback_bound" title="traceback_bound">traceback_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.value" title="value">value</a></li><li><a href="#method.value_bound" title="value_bound">value_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.warn" title="warn">warn</a></li><li><a href="#method.warn_bound" title="warn_bound">warn_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.warn_explicit" title="warn_explicit">warn_explicit</a></li><li><a href="#method.warn_explicit_bound" title="warn_explicit_bound">warn_explicit_bound</a></li><li><a href="#method.write_unraisable" title="write_unraisable">write_unraisable</a></li><li><a href="#method.write_unraisable_bound" title="write_unraisable_bound">write_unraisable_bound</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block trait-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Debug-for-PyErr" title="Debug">Debug</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Display-for-PyErr" title="Display">Display</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Error-for-PyErr" title="Error">Error</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CAddrParseError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;AddrParseError&#62;">From&#60;AddrParseError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CBound%3C'py,+T%3E%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;Bound&#60;&#39;py, T&#62;&#62;">From&#60;Bound&#60;&#39;py, T&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CDecodeUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;DecodeUtf16Error&#62;">From&#60;DecodeUtf16Error&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CDowncastError%3C'_,+'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;DowncastError&#60;&#39;_, &#39;_&#62;&#62;">From&#60;DowncastError&#60;&#39;_, &#39;_&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CDowncastIntoError%3C'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;DowncastIntoError&#60;&#39;_&#62;&#62;">From&#60;DowncastIntoError&#60;&#39;_&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;Error&#62;">From&#60;Error&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CFromUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;FromUtf16Error&#62;">From&#60;FromUtf16Error&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CFromUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;FromUtf8Error&#62;">From&#60;FromUtf8Error&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CInfallible%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;Infallible&#62;">From&#60;Infallible&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;IntoInnerError&#60;W&#62;&#62;">From&#60;IntoInnerError&#60;W&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoStringError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;IntoStringError&#62;">From&#60;IntoStringError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;NulError&#62;">From&#60;NulError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CParseBoolError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;ParseBoolError&#62;">From&#60;ParseBoolError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CParseFloatError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;ParseFloatError&#62;">From&#60;ParseFloatError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CParseIntError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;ParseIntError&#62;">From&#60;ParseIntError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CPyBorrowError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;PyBorrowError&#62;">From&#60;PyBorrowError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CPyBorrowMutError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;PyBorrowMutError&#62;">From&#60;PyBorrowMutError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CPyErr%3E-for-Error" title="From&#60;PyErr&#62;">From&#60;PyErr&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CTryFromIntError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;TryFromIntError&#62;">From&#60;TryFromIntError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CTryFromSliceError%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;TryFromSliceError&#62;">From&#60;TryFromSliceError&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" title="From&#60;Utf8Error&#62;">From&#60;Utf8Error&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-%26PyErr" title="IntoPy&#60;Py&#60;PyAny&#62;&#62;">IntoPy&#60;Py&#60;PyAny&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-PyErr" title="IntoPy&#60;Py&#60;PyAny&#62;&#62;">IntoPy&#60;Py&#60;PyAny&#62;&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-%26PyErr" title="IntoPyObject&#60;&#39;py&#62;">IntoPyObject&#60;&#39;py&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-PyErr" title="IntoPyObject&#60;&#39;py&#62;">IntoPyObject&#60;&#39;py&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-ToPyObject-for-PyErr" title="ToPyObject">ToPyObject</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block synthetic-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-PyErr" title="!Freeze">!Freeze</a></li><li><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-PyErr" title="!RefUnwindSafe">!RefUnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-PyErr" title="!UnwindSafe">!UnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Send-for-PyErr" title="Send">Send</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Sync-for-PyErr" title="Sync">Sync</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-PyErr" title="Unpin">Unpin</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block blanket-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" title="Any">Any</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" title="Borrow&#60;T&#62;">Borrow&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" title="BorrowMut&#60;T&#62;">BorrowMut&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" title="From&#60;T&#62;">From&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" title="Into&#60;U&#62;">Into&#60;U&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-IntoPyObjectExt%3C'py%3E-for-T" title="IntoPyObjectExt&#60;&#39;py&#62;">IntoPyObjectExt&#60;&#39;py&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-PyErrArguments-for-T" title="PyErrArguments">PyErrArguments</a></li><li><a href="#impl-ToString-for-T" title="ToString">ToString</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" title="TryFrom&#60;U&#62;">TryFrom&#60;U&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" title="TryInto&#60;U&#62;">TryInto&#60;U&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Ungil-for-T" title="Ungil">Ungil</a></li></ul></section><div id="rustdoc-modnav"><h2><a href="index.html">In pyo3::<wbr>prelude</a></h2></div></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><span class="rustdoc-breadcrumbs"><a href="../index.html">pyo3</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">prelude</a></span><h1>Struct <span class="struct">PyErr</span><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><rustdoc-toolbar></rustdoc-toolbar><span class="sub-heading"><a class="src" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#35-37">Source</a> </span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub struct PyErr { <span class="comment">/* private fields */</span> }</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Represents a Python exception.</p>
<p>To avoid needing access to <a href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python"><code>Python</code></a> in <code>Into</code> conversions to create <code>PyErr</code> (thus improving
compatibility with <code>?</code> and other Rust errors) this type supports creating exceptions instances
in a lazy fashion, where the full Python object for the exception is created only when needed.</p>
<p>Accessing the contained exception in any way, such as with <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.value_bound" title="method pyo3::PyErr::value_bound"><code>value_bound</code></a>,
<a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.get_type_bound" title="method pyo3::PyErr::get_type_bound"><code>get_type_bound</code></a>, or <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.is_instance_bound" title="method pyo3::PyErr::is_instance_bound"><code>is_instance_bound</code></a>
will create the full exception object if it was not already created.</p>
</div></details><h2 id="implementations" class="section-header">Implementations<a href="#implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#118-768">Source</a><a href="#impl-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.new" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#171-182">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new" class="fn">new</a>&lt;T, A&gt;(args: A) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a><div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../type_object/trait.PyTypeInfo.html" title="trait pyo3::type_object::PyTypeInfo">PyTypeInfo</a>,
A: <a class="trait" href="../trait.PyErrArguments.html" title="trait pyo3::PyErrArguments">PyErrArguments</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new PyErr of type <code>T</code>.</p>
<p><code>args</code> can be:</p>
<ul>
<li>a tuple: the exception instance will be created using the equivalent to the Python
expression <code>T(*tuple)</code></li>
<li>any other value: the exception instance will be created using the equivalent to the Python
expression <code>T(value)</code></li>
</ul>
<p>This exception instance will be initialized lazily. This avoids the need for the Python GIL
to be held, but requires <code>args</code> to be <code>Send</code> and <code>Sync</code>. If <code>args</code> is not <code>Send</code> or <code>Sync</code>,
consider using <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.from_value_bound" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::from_value_bound"><code>PyErr::from_value_bound</code></a> instead.</p>
<p>If <code>T</code> does not inherit from <code>BaseException</code>, then a <code>TypeError</code> will be returned.</p>
<p>If calling T’s constructor with <code>args</code> raises an exception, that exception will be returned.</p>
<h5 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::prelude::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError;
<span class="attr">#[pyfunction]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>always_throws() -&gt; PyResult&lt;()&gt; {
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(PyErr::new::&lt;PyTypeError, <span class="kw">_</span>&gt;(<span class="string">"Error message"</span>))
}</code></pre></div>
<p>In most cases, you can use a concrete exception’s constructor instead:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::prelude::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError;
<span class="attr">#[pyfunction]
</span><span class="kw">fn </span>always_throws() -&gt; PyResult&lt;()&gt; {
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(PyTypeError::new_err(<span class="string">"Error message"</span>))
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from_type" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#194-199">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.from_type" class="fn">from_type</a>&lt;A&gt;(ty: <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;, args: A) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a><div class="where">where
A: <a class="trait" href="../trait.PyErrArguments.html" title="trait pyo3::PyErrArguments">PyErrArguments</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Constructs a new PyErr from the given Python type and arguments.</p>
<p><code>ty</code> is the exception type; usually one of the standard exceptions
like <code>exceptions::PyRuntimeError</code>.</p>
<p><code>args</code> is either a tuple or a single value, with the same meaning as in <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.new" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::new"><code>PyErr::new</code></a>.</p>
<p>If <code>ty</code> does not inherit from <code>BaseException</code>, then a <code>TypeError</code> will be returned.</p>
<p>If calling <code>ty</code> with <code>args</code> raises an exception, that exception will be returned.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from_type_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#204-209">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.from_type_bound" class="fn">from_type_bound</a>&lt;A&gt;(ty: <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;, args: A) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a><div class="where">where
A: <a class="trait" href="../trait.PyErrArguments.html" title="trait pyo3::PyErrArguments">PyErrArguments</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> + 'static,</div></h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::from_type</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.from_type" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::from_type"><code>PyErr::from_type</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from_value" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#244-257">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.from_value" class="fn">from_value</a>(obj: <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new PyErr.</p>
<p>If <code>obj</code> is a Python exception object, the PyErr will contain that object.</p>
<p>If <code>obj</code> is a Python exception type object, this is equivalent to <code>PyErr::from_type(obj, ())</code>.</p>
<p>Otherwise, a <code>TypeError</code> is created.</p>
<h5 id="examples-1"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples-1">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::prelude::<span class="kw-2">*</span>;
<span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::PyTypeInfo;
<span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError;
<span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::types::PyString;
Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="comment">// Case #1: Exception object
</span><span class="kw">let </span>err = PyErr::from_value(PyTypeError::new_err(<span class="string">"some type error"</span>)
.value(py).clone().into_any());
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(err.to_string(), <span class="string">"TypeError: some type error"</span>);
<span class="comment">// Case #2: Exception type
</span><span class="kw">let </span>err = PyErr::from_value(PyTypeError::type_object(py).into_any());
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(err.to_string(), <span class="string">"TypeError: "</span>);
<span class="comment">// Case #3: Invalid exception value
</span><span class="kw">let </span>err = PyErr::from_value(PyString::new(py, <span class="string">"foo"</span>).into_any());
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(
err.to_string(),
<span class="string">"TypeError: exceptions must derive from BaseException"
</span>);
});</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from_value_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#262-264">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.from_value_bound" class="fn">from_value_bound</a>(obj: <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::from_value</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.from_value" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::from_value"><code>PyErr::from_value</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.get_type" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#277-279">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.get_type" class="fn">get_type</a>&lt;'py&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the type of this exception.</p>
<h5 id="examples-2"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples-2">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::{prelude::<span class="kw-2">*</span>, exceptions::PyTypeError, types::PyType};
Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">let </span>err: PyErr = PyTypeError::new_err((<span class="string">"some type error"</span>,));
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.get_type(py).is(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>PyType::new::&lt;PyTypeError&gt;(py)));
});</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.get_type_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#284-286">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.get_type_bound" class="fn">get_type_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::get_type</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.get_type" title="method pyo3::PyErr::get_type"><code>PyErr::get_type</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.value" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#301-303">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.value" class="fn">value</a>&lt;'py&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../exceptions/struct.PyBaseException.html" title="struct pyo3::exceptions::PyBaseException">PyBaseException</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the value of this exception.</p>
<h5 id="examples-3"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples-3">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, PyErr, Python};
Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">let </span>err: PyErr = PyTypeError::new_err((<span class="string">"some type error"</span>,));
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.is_instance_of::&lt;PyTypeError&gt;(py));
<span class="macro">assert_eq!</span>(err.value(py).to_string(), <span class="string">"some type error"</span>);
});</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.value_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#308-310">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.value_bound" class="fn">value_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../exceptions/struct.PyBaseException.html" title="struct pyo3::exceptions::PyBaseException">PyBaseException</a>&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::value</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.value" title="method pyo3::PyErr::value"><code>PyErr::value</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_value" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#313-325">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.into_value" class="fn">into_value</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../exceptions/struct.PyBaseException.html" title="struct pyo3::exceptions::PyBaseException">PyBaseException</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Consumes self to take ownership of the exception value contained in this error.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.traceback" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#338-340">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.traceback" class="fn">traceback</a>&lt;'py&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyTraceback.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyTraceback">PyTraceback</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the traceback of this exception object.</p>
<h5 id="examples-4"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples-4">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, Python};
Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">let </span>err = PyTypeError::new_err((<span class="string">"some type error"</span>,));
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.traceback(py).is_none());
});</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.traceback_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#345-347">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.traceback_bound" class="fn">traceback_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
&amp;self,
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyTraceback.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyTraceback">PyTraceback</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::traceback</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.traceback" title="method pyo3::PyErr::traceback"><code>PyErr::traceback</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.occurred" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#351-353">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.occurred" class="fn">occurred</a>(_: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Gets whether an error is present in the Python interpreter’s global state.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.take" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#364-376">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.take" class="fn">take</a>(py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Takes the current error from the Python interpreter’s global state and clears the global
state. If no error is set, returns <code>None</code>.</p>
<p>If the error is a <code>PanicException</code> (which would have originated from a panic in a pyo3
callback) then this function will resume the panic.</p>
<p>Use this function when it is not known if an error should be present. If the error is
expected to have been set, for example from <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.occurred" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::occurred"><code>PyErr::occurred</code></a> or by an error return value
from a C FFI function, use <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.fetch" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::fetch"><code>PyErr::fetch</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fetch" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#404-413">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.fetch" class="fn">fetch</a>(py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Equivalent to <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.take" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::take">PyErr::take</a>, but when no error is set:</p>
<ul>
<li>Panics in debug mode.</li>
<li>Returns a <code>SystemError</code> in release mode.</li>
</ul>
<p>This behavior is consistent with Python’s internal handling of what happens when a C return
value indicates an error occurred but the global error state is empty. (A lack of exception
should be treated as a bug in the code which returned an error code but did not set an
exception.)</p>
<p>Use this function when the error is expected to have been set, for example from
<a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.occurred" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::occurred">PyErr::occurred</a> or by an error return value from a C FFI function.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.new_type" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#425-450">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new_type" class="fn">new_type</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
name: &amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>,
doc: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>&gt;,
base: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;&gt;,
dict: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="type" href="../type.PyObject.html" title="type pyo3::PyObject">PyObject</a>&gt;,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Creates a new exception type with the given name and docstring.</p>
<ul>
<li><code>base</code> can be an existing exception type to subclass, or a tuple of classes.</li>
<li><code>dict</code> specifies an optional dictionary of class variables and methods.</li>
<li><code>doc</code> will be the docstring seen by python users.</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="errors"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#errors">§</a>Errors</h5>
<p>This function returns an error if <code>name</code> is not of the form <code>&lt;module&gt;.&lt;ExceptionName&gt;</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.new_type_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#455-473">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new_type_bound" class="fn">new_type_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
name: &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>,
doc: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>&gt;,
base: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;&gt;,
dict: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="type" href="../type.PyObject.html" title="type pyo3::PyObject">PyObject</a>&gt;,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyType.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyType">PyType</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::new_type</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.new_type" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::new_type"><code>PyErr::new_type</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.display" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#476-498">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.display" class="fn">display</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Prints a standard traceback to <code>sys.stderr</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.print" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#501-504">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.print" class="fn">print</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>sys.excepthook</code> and then prints a standard traceback to <code>sys.stderr</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.print_and_set_sys_last_vars" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#509-512">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.print_and_set_sys_last_vars" class="fn">print_and_set_sys_last_vars</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>sys.excepthook</code> and then prints a standard traceback to <code>sys.stderr</code>.</p>
<p>Additionally sets <code>sys.last_{type,value,traceback,exc}</code> attributes to this exception.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.matches" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#518-523">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.matches" class="fn">matches</a>&lt;'py, T&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;, exc: T) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a>, T::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Error">Error</a>&gt;<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt;,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns true if the current exception matches the exception in <code>exc</code>.</p>
<p>If <code>exc</code> is a class object, this also returns <code>true</code> when <code>self</code> is an instance of a subclass.
If <code>exc</code> is a tuple, all exceptions in the tuple (and recursively in subtuples) are searched for a match.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.is_instance" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#527-530">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.is_instance" class="fn">is_instance</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;, ty: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns true if the current exception is instance of <code>T</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.is_instance_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#535-537">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.is_instance_bound" class="fn">is_instance_bound</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;, ty: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a></h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::is_instance</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.is_instance" title="method pyo3::PyErr::is_instance"><code>PyErr::is_instance</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.is_instance_of" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#541-546">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.is_instance_of" class="fn">is_instance_of</a>&lt;T&gt;(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.bool.html">bool</a><div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../type_object/trait.PyTypeInfo.html" title="trait pyo3::type_object::PyTypeInfo">PyTypeInfo</a>,</div></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns true if the current exception is instance of <code>T</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.restore" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#551-553">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.restore" class="fn">restore</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Writes the error back to the Python interpreter’s global state.
This is the opposite of <code>PyErr::fetch()</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.write_unraisable" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#584-587">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.write_unraisable" class="fn">write_unraisable</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;, obj: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Reports the error as unraisable.</p>
<p>This calls <code>sys.unraisablehook()</code> using the current exception and obj argument.</p>
<p>This method is useful to report errors in situations where there is no good mechanism
to report back to the Python land. In Python this is used to indicate errors in
background threads or destructors which are protected. In Rust code this is commonly
useful when you are calling into a Python callback which might fail, but there is no
obvious way to handle this error other than logging it.</p>
<p>Calling this method has the benefit that the error goes back into a standardized callback
in Python which for instance allows unittests to ensure that no unraisable error
actually happend by hooking <code>sys.unraisablehook</code>.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code>Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">match </span>failing_function() {
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(pyerr) =&gt; pyerr.write_unraisable(py, <span class="prelude-val">None</span>),
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(..) =&gt; { <span class="comment">/* do something here */ </span>}
}
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
})</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.write_unraisable_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#592-594">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.write_unraisable_bound" class="fn">write_unraisable_bound</a>(
self,
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;,
obj: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'_, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;,
)</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::write_unraisable</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.write_unraisable" title="method pyo3::PyErr::write_unraisable"><code>PyErr::write_unraisable</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.warn" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#618-631">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.warn" class="fn">warn</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
category: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;,
message: &amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>,
stacklevel: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Issues a warning message.</p>
<p>May return an <code>Err(PyErr)</code> if warnings-as-errors is enabled.</p>
<p>Equivalent to <code>warnings.warn()</code> in Python.</p>
<p>The <code>category</code> should be one of the <code>Warning</code> classes available in
<a href="../exceptions/index.html" title="mod pyo3::exceptions"><code>pyo3::exceptions</code></a>, or a subclass. The Python
object can be retrieved using <a href="../marker/struct.Python.html#method.get_type_bound" title="method pyo3::marker::Python::get_type_bound"><code>Python::get_type_bound()</code></a>.</p>
<p>Example:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code>Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">let </span>user_warning = py.get_type::&lt;pyo3::exceptions::PyUserWarning&gt;();
PyErr::warn(py, <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>user_warning, <span class="macro">c_str!</span>(<span class="string">"I am warning you"</span>), <span class="number">0</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
})</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.warn_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#636-644">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.warn_bound" class="fn">warn_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
category: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;,
message: &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>,
stacklevel: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::warn</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.warn" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::warn"><code>PyErr::warn</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.warn_explicit" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#654-681">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.warn_explicit" class="fn">warn_explicit</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
category: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;,
message: &amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>,
filename: &amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>,
lineno: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>,
module: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/ffi/c_str/struct.CStr.html" title="struct core::ffi::c_str::CStr">CStr</a>&gt;,
registry: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Issues a warning message, with more control over the warning attributes.</p>
<p>May return a <code>PyErr</code> if warnings-as-errors is enabled.</p>
<p>Equivalent to <code>warnings.warn_explicit()</code> in Python.</p>
<p>The <code>category</code> should be one of the <code>Warning</code> classes available in
<a href="../exceptions/index.html" title="mod pyo3::exceptions"><code>pyo3::exceptions</code></a>, or a subclass.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.warn_explicit_bound" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#686-707">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.warn_explicit_bound" class="fn">warn_explicit_bound</a>&lt;'py&gt;(
py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;,
category: &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;,
message: &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>,
filename: &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>,
lineno: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.i32.html">i32</a>,
module: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a>&gt;,
registry: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;,
) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>&gt;</h4></section><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: renamed to <code>PyErr::warn</code></span></div></span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Deprecated name for <a href="../struct.PyErr.html#method.warn_explicit" title="associated function pyo3::PyErr::warn_explicit"><code>PyErr::warn_explicit</code></a>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.clone_ref" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#726-728">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.clone_ref" class="fn">clone_ref</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Clone the PyErr. This requires the GIL, which is why PyErr does not implement Clone.</p>
<h5 id="examples-5"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples-5">§</a>Examples</h5>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>pyo3::{exceptions::PyTypeError, PyErr, Python, prelude::PyAnyMethods};
Python::with_gil(|py| {
<span class="kw">let </span>err: PyErr = PyTypeError::new_err((<span class="string">"some type error"</span>,));
<span class="kw">let </span>err_clone = err.clone_ref(py);
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.get_type(py).is(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>err_clone.get_type(py)));
<span class="macro">assert!</span>(err.value(py).is(err_clone.value(py)));
<span class="kw">match </span>err.traceback(py) {
<span class="prelude-val">None </span>=&gt; <span class="macro">assert!</span>(err_clone.traceback(py).is_none()),
<span class="prelude-val">Some</span>(tb) =&gt; <span class="macro">assert!</span>(err_clone.traceback(py).unwrap().is(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>tb)),
}
});</code></pre></div>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.cause" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#732-744">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.cause" class="fn">cause</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Return the cause (either an exception instance, or None, set by <code>raise ... from ...</code>)
associated with the exception, as accessible from Python through <code>__cause__</code>.</p>
</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.set_cause" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#747-757">Source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.set_cause" class="fn">set_cause</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;, cause: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;Self&gt;)</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Set the cause associated with the exception, pass <code>None</code> to clear it.</p>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="trait-implementations" class="section-header">Trait Implementations<a href="#trait-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="trait-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Debug-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#770-793">Source</a><a href="#impl-Debug-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html" title="trait core::fmt::Debug">Debug</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fmt" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#771-792">Source</a><a href="#method.fmt" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fn">fmt</a>(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/struct.Error.html" title="struct core::fmt::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Debug.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Display-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#795-808">Source</a><a href="#impl-Display-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.fmt-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#796-807">Source</a><a href="#method.fmt-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html#tymethod.fmt" class="fn">fmt</a>(&amp;self, f: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/struct.Formatter.html" title="struct core::fmt::Formatter">Formatter</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/type.Result.html" title="type core::fmt::Result">Result</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Formats the value using the given formatter. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html#tymethod.fmt">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-Error-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#810">Source</a><a href="#impl-Error-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.source" class="method trait-impl"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.30.0">1.30.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/error.rs.html#81">Source</a></span><a href="#method.source" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.source" class="fn">source</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;(dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a> + 'static)&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Returns the lower-level source of this error, if any. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.source">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.description" class="method trait-impl"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.0.0">1.0.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/error.rs.html#107">Source</a></span><a href="#method.description" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.description" class="fn">description</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; &amp;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.str.html">str</a></h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()</span></div></span><div class='docblock'> <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.description">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.cause-1" class="method trait-impl"><span class="rightside"><span class="since" title="Stable since Rust version 1.0.0">1.0.0</span> · <a class="src" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/error.rs.html#117">Source</a></span><a href="#method.cause-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.cause" class="fn">cause</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/option/enum.Option.html" title="enum core::option::Option">Option</a>&lt;&amp;dyn <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html" title="trait core::error::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting</span></div></span></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.provide" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/error.rs.html#180">Source</a><a href="#method.provide" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.provide" class="fn">provide</a>&lt;'a&gt;(&amp;'a self, request: &amp;mut <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/struct.Request.html" title="struct core::error::Request">Request</a>&lt;'a&gt;)</h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab unstable"><span class="emoji">🔬</span><span>This is a nightly-only experimental API. (<code>error_generic_member_access</code>)</span></div></span><div class='docblock'>Provides type-based access to context intended for error reports. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/error/trait.Error.html#method.provide">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CAddrParseError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#142">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CAddrParseError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/net/parser/struct.AddrParseError.html" title="struct core::net::parser::AddrParseError">AddrParseError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-15" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#142">Source</a><a href="#method.from-15" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/net/parser/struct.AddrParseError.html" title="struct core::net::parser::AddrParseError">AddrParseError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CBound%3C'py,+T%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#887-895">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CBound%3C'py,+T%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'py, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, T&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a><div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../trait.ToPyErr.html" title="trait pyo3::ToPyErr">ToPyErr</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-16" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#892-894">Source</a><a href="#method.from-16" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, T&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CDecodeUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#138-141">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CDecodeUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/char/decode/struct.DecodeUtf16Error.html" title="struct core::char::decode::DecodeUtf16Error">DecodeUtf16Error</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-14" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#138-141">Source</a><a href="#method.from-14" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/char/decode/struct.DecodeUtf16Error.html" title="struct core::char::decode::DecodeUtf16Error">DecodeUtf16Error</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CDowncastError%3C'_,+'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#898-907">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CDowncastError%3C'_,+'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.DowncastError.html" title="struct pyo3::DowncastError">DowncastError</a>&lt;'_, '_&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3><div class="docblock"><p>Convert <code>DowncastError</code> to Python <code>TypeError</code>.</p>
</div></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-17" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#899-906">Source</a><a href="#method.from-17" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="../struct.DowncastError.html" title="struct pyo3::DowncastError">DowncastError</a>&lt;'_, '_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CDowncastIntoError%3C'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#918-927">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CDowncastIntoError%3C'_%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.DowncastIntoError.html" title="struct pyo3::DowncastIntoError">DowncastIntoError</a>&lt;'_&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3><div class="docblock"><p>Convert <code>DowncastIntoError</code> to Python <code>TypeError</code>.</p>
</div></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-18" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#919-926">Source</a><a href="#method.from-18" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="../struct.DowncastIntoError.html" title="struct pyo3::DowncastIntoError">DowncastIntoError</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#49-73">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/io/error/struct.Error.html" title="struct std::io::error::Error">Error</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3><div class="docblock"><p>Create <code>PyErr</code> from <code>io::Error</code>
(<code>OSError</code> except if the <code>io::Error</code> is wrapping a Python exception,
in this case the exception is returned)</p>
</div></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#50-72">Source</a><a href="#method.from-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/io/error/struct.Error.html" title="struct std::io::error::Error">Error</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CFromUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#134-137">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CFromUtf16Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/struct.FromUtf16Error.html" title="struct alloc::string::FromUtf16Error">FromUtf16Error</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-13" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#134-137">Source</a><a href="#method.from-13" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/struct.FromUtf16Error.html" title="struct alloc::string::FromUtf16Error">FromUtf16Error</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CFromUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#133">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CFromUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/struct.FromUtf8Error.html" title="struct alloc::string::FromUtf8Error">FromUtf8Error</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-12" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#133">Source</a><a href="#method.from-12" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/struct.FromUtf8Error.html" title="struct alloc::string::FromUtf8Error">FromUtf8Error</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CInfallible%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#98-102">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CInfallible%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-3" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#99-101">Source</a><a href="#method.from-3" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(_: <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#86-90">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoInnerError%3CW%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;W&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/io/buffered/struct.IntoInnerError.html" title="struct std::io::buffered::IntoInnerError">IntoInnerError</a>&lt;W&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-2" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#87-89">Source</a><a href="#method.from-2" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/io/buffered/struct.IntoInnerError.html" title="struct std::io::buffered::IntoInnerError">IntoInnerError</a>&lt;W&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CIntoStringError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#130">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CIntoStringError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.IntoStringError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::IntoStringError">IntoStringError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-9" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#130">Source</a><a href="#method.from-9" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.IntoStringError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::IntoStringError">IntoStringError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#131">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CNulError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.NulError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::NulError">NulError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-10" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#131">Source</a><a href="#method.from-10" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/ffi/c_str/struct.NulError.html" title="struct alloc::ffi::c_str::NulError">NulError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CParseBoolError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#129">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CParseBoolError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/str/error/struct.ParseBoolError.html" title="struct core::str::error::ParseBoolError">ParseBoolError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-8" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#129">Source</a><a href="#method.from-8" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/str/error/struct.ParseBoolError.html" title="struct core::str::error::ParseBoolError">ParseBoolError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CParseFloatError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#127">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CParseFloatError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/dec2flt/struct.ParseFloatError.html" title="struct core::num::dec2flt::ParseFloatError">ParseFloatError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-6" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#127">Source</a><a href="#method.from-6" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/dec2flt/struct.ParseFloatError.html" title="struct core::num::dec2flt::ParseFloatError">ParseFloatError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CParseIntError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#126">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CParseIntError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/error/struct.ParseIntError.html" title="struct core::num::error::ParseIntError">ParseIntError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-5" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#126">Source</a><a href="#method.from-5" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/error/struct.ParseIntError.html" title="struct core::num::error::ParseIntError">ParseIntError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CPyBorrowError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/pycell.rs.html#702-706">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CPyBorrowError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../pycell/struct.PyBorrowError.html" title="struct pyo3::pycell::PyBorrowError">PyBorrowError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-19" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/pycell.rs.html#703-705">Source</a><a href="#method.from-19" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(other: <a class="struct" href="../pycell/struct.PyBorrowError.html" title="struct pyo3::pycell::PyBorrowError">PyBorrowError</a>) -&gt; Self</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CPyBorrowMutError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/pycell.rs.html#727-731">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CPyBorrowMutError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../pycell/struct.PyBorrowMutError.html" title="struct pyo3::pycell::PyBorrowMutError">PyBorrowMutError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-20" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/pycell.rs.html#728-730">Source</a><a href="#method.from-20" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(other: <a class="struct" href="../pycell/struct.PyBorrowMutError.html" title="struct pyo3::pycell::PyBorrowMutError">PyBorrowMutError</a>) -&gt; Self</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CPyErr%3E-for-Error" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#6-44">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CPyErr%3E-for-Error" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/io/error/struct.Error.html" title="struct std::io::error::Error">Error</a></h3><div class="docblock"><p>Convert <code>PyErr</code> to <code>io::Error</code></p>
</div></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#7-43">Source</a><a href="#method.from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a>) -&gt; Self</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CTryFromIntError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#128">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CTryFromIntError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/error/struct.TryFromIntError.html" title="struct core::num::error::TryFromIntError">TryFromIntError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-7" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#128">Source</a><a href="#method.from-7" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/num/error/struct.TryFromIntError.html" title="struct core::num::error::TryFromIntError">TryFromIntError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CTryFromSliceError%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#125">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CTryFromSliceError%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/array/struct.TryFromSliceError.html" title="struct core::array::TryFromSliceError">TryFromSliceError</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-4" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#125">Source</a><a href="#method.from-4" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/array/struct.TryFromSliceError.html" title="struct core::array::TryFromSliceError">TryFromSliceError</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-From%3CUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#132">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CUtf8Error%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/str/error/struct.Utf8Error.html" title="struct core::str::error::Utf8Error">Utf8Error</a>&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-11" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/impls.rs.html#132">Source</a><a href="#method.from-11" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(err: <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/str/error/struct.Utf8Error.html" title="struct core::str::error::Utf8Error">Utf8Error</a>) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts to this type from the input type.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-%26PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#829-834">Source</a><a href="#impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-%26PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPy.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPy">IntoPy</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt; for &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_py-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#831-833">Source</a><a href="#method.into_py-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPy.html#tymethod.into_py" class="fn">into_py</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyObject.html" title="type pyo3::PyObject">PyObject</a></h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: <code>IntoPy</code> is going to be replaced by <code>IntoPyObject</code>. See the migration guide (https://pyo3.rs/v0.23.0/migration) for more information.</span></div></span><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#813-818">Source</a><a href="#impl-IntoPy%3CPy%3CPyAny%3E%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPy.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPy">IntoPy</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_py" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#815-817">Source</a><a href="#method.into_py" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPy.html#tymethod.into_py" class="fn">into_py</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyObject.html" title="type pyo3::PyObject">PyObject</a></h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: <code>IntoPy</code> is going to be replaced by <code>IntoPyObject</code>. See the migration guide (https://pyo3.rs/v0.23.0/migration) for more information.</span></div></span><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-%26PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#847-856">Source</a><a href="#impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-%26PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'py&gt; <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt; for &amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Target-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#848">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Target-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Target" class="associatedtype">Target</a> = <a class="struct" href="../exceptions/struct.PyBaseException.html" title="struct pyo3::exceptions::PyBaseException">PyBaseException</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The Python output type</div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Output-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#849">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Output-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype">Output</a> = <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, &lt;&amp;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a> as <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Target" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Target">Target</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The smart pointer type to use. <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#850">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_pyobject-1" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#853-855">Source</a><a href="#method.into_pyobject-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#tymethod.into_pyobject" class="fn">into_pyobject</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Output">Output</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#836-845">Source</a><a href="#impl-IntoPyObject%3C'py%3E-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'py&gt; <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt; for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Target" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#837">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Target" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Target" class="associatedtype">Target</a> = <a class="struct" href="../exceptions/struct.PyBaseException.html" title="struct pyo3::exceptions::PyBaseException">PyBaseException</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The Python output type</div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#838">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Output" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output" class="associatedtype">Output</a> = <a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, &lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a> as <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Target" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Target">Target</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The smart pointer type to use. <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#839">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_pyobject" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#842-844">Source</a><a href="#method.into_pyobject" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#tymethod.into_pyobject" class="fn">into_pyobject</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Output">Output</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-ToPyObject-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#821-826">Source</a><a href="#impl-ToPyObject-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.ToPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::ToPyObject">ToPyObject</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.to_object" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#823-825">Source</a><a href="#method.to_object" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.ToPyObject.html#tymethod.to_object" class="fn">to_object</a>(&amp;self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyObject.html" title="type pyo3::PyObject">PyObject</a></h4></section></summary><span class="item-info"><div class="stab deprecated"><span class="emoji">👎</span><span>Deprecated since 0.23.0: <code>ToPyObject</code> is going to be replaced by <code>IntoPyObject</code>. See the migration guide (https://pyo3.rs/v0.23.0/migration) for more information.</span></div></span><div class='docblock'>Converts self into a Python object.</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="synthetic-implementations" class="section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<a href="#synthetic-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="synthetic-implementations-list"><section id="impl-Freeze-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Freeze.html" title="trait core::marker::Freeze">Freeze</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section><section id="impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Send-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Send-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Sync-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Sync-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section><section id="impl-Unpin-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section><section id="impl-UnwindSafe-for-PyErr" class="impl"><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-PyErr" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="../struct.PyErr.html" title="struct pyo3::PyErr">PyErr</a></h3></section></div><h2 id="blanket-implementations" class="section-header">Blanket Implementations<a href="#blanket-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="blanket-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Any-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/any.rs.html#138">Source</a><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.type_id" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/any.rs.html#139">Source</a><a href="#method.type_id" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id" class="fn">type_id</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/borrow.rs.html#209">Source</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/borrow.rs.html#211">Source</a><a href="#method.borrow" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow" class="fn">borrow</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/borrow.rs.html#217">Source</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow_mut" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218">Source</a><a href="#method.borrow_mut" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut" class="fn">borrow_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/std/primitive.reference.html">&amp;mut T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#767">Source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for T</h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from-21" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#770">Source</a><a href="#method.from-21" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(t: T) -&gt; T</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the argument unchanged.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#750-752">Source</a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#760">Source</a><a href="#method.into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into" class="fn">into</a>(self) -&gt; U</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>U::from(self)</code>.</p>
<p>That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of
<code><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for U</code> chooses to do.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-IntoPyObjectExt%3C'py%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/conversion.rs.html#401">Source</a><a href="#impl-IntoPyObjectExt%3C'py%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'py, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObjectExt.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObjectExt">IntoPyObjectExt</a>&lt;'py&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_bound_py_any" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/conversion.rs.html#370-375">Source</a><a href="#method.into_bound_py_any" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObjectExt.html#method.into_bound_py_any" class="fn">into_bound_py_any</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Bound.html" title="struct pyo3::Bound">Bound</a>&lt;'py, <a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts <code>self</code> into an owned Python object, dropping type information.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_py_any" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/conversion.rs.html#380-385">Source</a><a href="#method.into_py_any" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObjectExt.html#method.into_py_any" class="fn">into_py_any</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts <code>self</code> into an owned Python object, dropping type information and unbinding it
from the <code>'py</code> lifetime.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into_pyobject_or_pyerr" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/conversion.rs.html#393-398">Source</a><a href="#method.into_pyobject_or_pyerr" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObjectExt.html#method.into_pyobject_or_pyerr" class="fn">into_pyobject_or_pyerr</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'py&gt;) -&gt; <a class="type" href="../type.PyResult.html" title="type pyo3::PyResult">PyResult</a>&lt;Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html#associatedtype.Output" title="type pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject::Output">Output</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts <code>self</code> into a Python object. <a href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObjectExt.html#method.into_pyobject_or_pyerr">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-PyErrArguments-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#105-116">Source</a><a href="#impl-PyErrArguments-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../trait.PyErrArguments.html" title="trait pyo3::PyErrArguments">PyErrArguments</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: for&lt;'py&gt; <a class="trait" href="../conversion/trait.IntoPyObject.html" title="trait pyo3::conversion::IntoPyObject">IntoPyObject</a>&lt;'py&gt; + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> + <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.arguments" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/err/mod.rs.html#109-115">Source</a><a href="#method.arguments" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../trait.PyErrArguments.html#tymethod.arguments" class="fn">arguments</a>(self, py: <a class="struct" href="../marker/struct.Python.html" title="struct pyo3::marker::Python">Python</a>&lt;'_&gt;) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="../struct.Py.html" title="struct pyo3::Py">Py</a>&lt;<a class="struct" href="../types/struct.PyAny.html" title="struct pyo3::types::PyAny">PyAny</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Arguments for exception</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-ToString-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2677">Source</a><a href="#impl-ToString-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html" title="trait alloc::string::ToString">ToString</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/fmt/trait.Display.html" title="trait core::fmt::Display">Display</a> + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.to_string" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/alloc/string.rs.html#2679">Source</a><a href="#method.to_string" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string" class="fn">to_string</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/struct.String.html" title="struct alloc::string::String">String</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Converts the given value to a <code>String</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/alloc/string/trait.ToString.html#tymethod.to_string">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#807-809">Source</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-3" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#811">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-3" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#814">Source</a><a href="#method.try_from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from" class="fn">try_from</a>(value: U) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, &lt;T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#792-794">Source</a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-2" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#796">Source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-2" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#799">Source</a><a href="#method.try_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into" class="fn">try_into</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;U, &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><section id="impl-Ungil-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/pyo3/marker.rs.html#194">Source</a><a href="#impl-Ungil-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../marker/trait.Ungil.html" title="trait pyo3::marker::Ungil">Ungil</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.85.1/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>,</div></h3></section></div></section></div></main></body></html>
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